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Bowdoin Central School Merrymeeting Bay Project
BIOLOGICAL
Fish, Wildlife, Plants & Habitat in Merrymeeting Bay including information on salmon, American eel, sea lamprey, anadromous fish restoration, sturgeon, habitat, turtles, wetlands, Maine Natural Areas Program survey & many other topics.
Atlantic Coast Diadromous Fish Habitat:
A Review of Utilization,Threats, Recommendations
for Conservation, and Research Needs.
Habitat Management Series #9
January 2009
Cobbosseecontee Watershed, Maine (pdf file 1.8 MB)
Fish History, Water Quality, Hydrology and Aquatic Restoration Overview
Working Draft 2/1/2012
Damming of Maine Watersheds and the Consequences for Coastal Ecosystems (pdf file 7.5 MB)
with a Focus on the Anadromous River Herring (Alosa pseudoharengus and Alosa aestivalis): A Four Century Analysis
A Thesis Presented by Carolyn Jean Hall to The Graduate School in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Marine and Atmospheric Science
Stony Brook University
December 2009
Dams and Fish Migration (pdf file 137 KB)
Michel Larinier
Institut de Mecanique des Fluides, Toulouse,
France
Dams, fish and fisheries (pdf file 1.25 MB)
Opportunities, challenges
and conflict resolution
Gerd Marmulla
Fishery Resources Officer
Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service
Fishery Resources Division
FAO Fisheries Department
Diadromous Fish: Species Information and Profiles
Diadromous fish are those migratory species that require time in both salt and fresh water to complete their life cycle. There are two types:
2. Catadromous fish live mostly in fresh water and run down to the ocean to spawn.
Etymology: From the Greek kata, down.
Maine has 1 catadromous fish species - American Eel (also see Legal Category above)
Discover the Kennebec: The Fisheries Resources of the Kennebec River (web page)
Natural Resources and Educational Committees of the Kennebec River Council
Harry Vanderweide, Chairman of the Study
Ira L. Ellis, Cooperative Extension Service, Planning & Organizational Consultant
April 18, 1986
Fish Migration Categories (pdf file 69 KB)
Anadromous, Catadromous, Amphidromous, Oceanodromous, or Potamodromous
By Patrick Cooney
May 2013
Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (web page)
By Henry B. Bigelow and William C. Schroeder
FISHERY BULLETIN 74
FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Volume 53
[Contribution No. 592, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - Washington: 1953
Fish Passage Workshop Presentation (pdf file 9.4 MB)
Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission
ASMFC Workshop on Fish Passage Issues Impacting Atlantic Coast States
April 3 & 4, 2008
Location: Jacksonville, Florida
A continuous summary of presentations [each starting with page 1]
1. State of the Art Fish Passage-Steve Gephart, CTDEP/IFD: 32 pages [slides]
2. Passage Concerns for Striped Bass-R.W. Laney et al.: 11 pages
3. Passage Technologies for River Herring, Shad, Sturgeon & Eel- Alex Haro, USGS: 24 pages
4. Hydro Licensing in the US: An Overview-Mark Pawlowsky, FERC: 27 pages
5. FERC Fish Passage Experiences from the Northeast-Melissa Grader, USFWS, Sean McDermott et al., NMFS: 10 pages
6. Fish Passage in the Southeast...Building on Success-Prescott Brownell, NMFS, Wilson Laney, USFWS: 11 pages
7. Comprehensive Fish Passage Mitigation in the Context of FERC Relicensing: The Southwest Region Perspective-NMFS: 13 pages
8. FERC Case Studies: Kennebec River-Gail Wippelhauser, MDMR: 3 pages
9. FERC Case Study: The Connecticut River-Melissa Grader, USFWS: 13 pages
10. Susquehanna Fish Passage Issues-Michael Hendricks, PF&BC: 11 pages
11. Fish Passage Restoration in the Santee Basin-Prescott Brownell, NMFS: 11 pages
12. NOAA's Fish Passage Activities in the Northeast-John Catena, NOAA: 10 pages
13. A State Perspective on Non-Hydropower Dams-Steve Gephart, CTDEP/IFD: 9 pages
14. Fish passage & Restoration at Non-Hydro Dams-Brian Graber, Am. Rivers: 14 pages
15. Projects on the Horizon-Alex Hoar, USFWS: 12 pages
16. Small Barriers, Large Impacts: Impacts on American Eel Distribution in NY State-Leonard Machut, Tunisan Lab: 25 pages
17. American Eel Passage Issues- Alex Haro, USGS: 12 pages
18. Case Study: Upper Potomac River - Alex Haro, USGS: 9 pages
From slide 11 in presentation 6: Diadromous species represent a vital ecological link connecting inland river basins with coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems and valuable fisheries.
Restoring productive marine fisheries for future generations of Americans may not be possible without also restoring diadromous fish populations.
Fish Passage Effectiveness Report (pdf file 900 KB)
Evaluation of Mitigation Effectiveness at Hydropower Projects
Division of Hydropower Administration and Compliance
Office of Energy Projects
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
October 18, 2004
Freshwater Mussels
(See Chemical category above for more
information on how freshwater mussels are used to monitor toxins and pollution)
The Freshwater Mussels of Maine
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife;
Nedeau, Ethan J.; McCollough, Mark A.; and Swartz, Beth I.
Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Documents https://digitalmaine.com/ifw_docs/76
Invasive Tree Pests (pdf file 10 MB)
Andy Valley IFP Presentation
Androscoggin Soil & Water Conservation District and Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry
July 2019
Maine’s Sebasticook River (pdf file 3.2 MB)
A Rare and Critical Resource for Bald Eagles in the Northeast
Biodiversity Research Institute
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
supported in part by a grant from the American Eagle Foundation
2014 Brochure
Maine Stream Habitat Viewer(website)
The Maine Stream Habitat Viewer is an interactive website maintained by the Maine Coastal Program as part of the Maine Stream Connectivity Work Group, which is a partnership of state, federal, industry and non-government organizations working cooperatively to improve Maine’s stream restoration efforts . Data obtained from the Maine Stream Habitat Viewer included stream barrier types, (crossings, waterfalls, dams, and natural barriers) stream reaches categorized by species (salmon and alewife) and function, watershed boundaries, and towns.
Merrymeeting Bay: Maine's Waterfowl Haven (pdf: File size: 550 KB)
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife.
Game Division Leaflet Series Vol 1, No.1 June, 1957.
Howard Spencer Jr.
Movements of Atlantic Sturgeon of the Gulf of Maine (pdf: File size: 1.2 MB)
Inside and Outside of the Geographically Defined Distinct Population Segment.
Marine and Coastal Fisheries Journal Article
Gail S. Wippelhauser, James Sulikowski, Gayle B. Zydlewski, Megan A.
Altenritter, Micah Kieffer & Michael T. Kinnison
Date: 10 March 2017
NOAA Ocean Noise Strategy Roadmap Report (pdf: File size: 2.7 MB)
Particularly with increased offshore seismic exploration, shipping traffic and military exercises, ocean noise is becoming problematic for cetaceans (marine mammals) and other marine life including key organisms low on the food chain like plankton. Read more on this NOAA Fisheries web page https://cetsound.noaa.gov/ and in their Ocean Noise Strategy Roadmap Report.
Listen to a WBUR discussion with NOAA marine ecologist Dr. Leila Hatch of the Stellwagon Bank National Marine Sanctuary and watch the trailer for award winning film Sonic Sea (http://www.sonicsea.org/), here:https://www.wbur.org/events/447431/sonic-sea-screening-and-conversation
The River Fisheries of Maine (pdf file 20 MB)
By Charles G. Atkins, Maine's first Commissioner of Fisheries
excerpt from the 1887 U.S. Gov't publication "Fisheries and Fishery Industries of America"
Salt Marshes in the Gulf of Maine (pdf file 2.98 MB)
Human Impacts, Habitat Restoration, and Long-term Change Analysis
Gulf of Maine
Council on the
Marine Environment
The Spatial and Relative Abundance Characteristics of the Fish Assemblages in Three Maine Rivers.
2002 and 2003. (pdf; file size: 6.0 MB)
Kennebec River (Bingham to Merrymeeting Bay)
Androscoggin River (Errol, NH to Merrymeeting Bay)
Sebasticook River (Pittsfield, ME to Winslow, ME)
Chris O. Yoder (Ohio U. and Ctr. for Applied Bioassessment & Biocriteria)
and Brandon H. Kulik, John M. Audet, and Jeffrey D. Bagley (Kleinschmidt Associates)
Date: Sep. 1, 2006
United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries
Report of the Commissioner for 1872 and 1873
Washington, DC
1. APPENDIX E: OBSTRUCTIONS TO THE UPWARD MOVEMENT OF FISHES IN STREAMS, AND THE REMEDY.
XXIII. ON FISH-WAYS. (pdf file 1.4 MB)
By Charles G. Atkins 591
Contents
A. Introductory remarks 591
B. Habits of migratory fishes 591
C. The construction and location of fish-ways. 594
1. Situation 594
2. Attractiveness 596
3. Ease of ascent 601
D Devices which are in use or have been proposed 603
1. Gap 604
2. Trench or Cape Cod fish-way 604
3. Oblique groove 605
4. Step-fish-ways 606
5. Smith's fish-way 607
6. Cail's fish-way 608
7. Pike's fish-way 609
S. Steck's fish-way 610
9. Inclined-plane fish-ways 610
10. The Pennsylvania fish-ways 610
11. The common rectangular fish-way 611
12. Brackett's fish-way 612
13. Fishways with oblique partitions 613
14. General arrangement 614
2. APPENDIX E: ON OBSTRUCTIONS TO THE ASCENT IN CERTAIN RIVERS
XXIV. ON OBSTRUCTIONS TO THE ASCENT OF FISH IN CERTAIN RIVERS (pdf file 800 KB)
Contents
A. Obstructions in the rivers of Maine. By E. M. Stilwell 617
Saint Croix River 617
Pemmaquan River 617
Dennys River 617
Orange River 618
East Machias River. 618
Machias River. 618
Wescongus or Pleasant River 618
Narrarguagus River. 618
Union River 618
Penobscot River and tributaries. 618
Saint George River 619
Medomac River 619
Damariscotta River 619
Sheepscot River 619
Kennebec and tributaries 619
Presumpscot River 621
Saco River and tributaries 621
Mousam River. 621
Salmon Falls River 621
3. THE COD-ALEWIFE CONNECTION (pdf file 460 KB)
This excerpt connects the health of Maine rivers to the health of the Gulf of Maine through access for migratory fish. It was cited incorrectly-wrong year, by Ted Ames in his 2004 paper on discrete cod populations which won him the prestigious McArthur "Genius" Award. It comes from the inroductory section of the Report of the Commisioner-Part A: Decrease in Food-Fishes.
[A biologically interesting conclusion was reached by Baird regarding the probable cause of the reduction of cod and river fishes, both of which have declined in equal ratio. He stated in his report for 1872-73 (Baird, 1874) that "the reduction in the cod and other fisheries, so as to become practically a failure, is due to the decrease off our coast in the quantity, primarily of alewives; and secondarily, of shad and salmon, more than to any other cause."].
From NOAA history: http://www.history.noaa.gov/stories_tales/wh_3.html